Navigating the Gut: A Systematic Review of Gastrointestinal Side Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
- Carmelo Guerrero L. [2] ,
- Rojas E. [2] ,
- Fadel L. [2] ,
- Thao G. [2] ,
- Chitre T. [2] ,
- Ngyuyen Fricko M. [2] ,
- Domingo V. [2] ,
- Budginas B. [2] ,
- Ghatas M. [1] ,
- Arani N. [2] ,
- Tabatabai N. [2] and
- Dr. Pemminati S. [2]
Repository
Description
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone primarily secreted by L-
cells in the gut after eating, prompting insulin release to reduce blood sugar
Levels. In pancreatic β-cells, GLP-1 binds to its receptor, activating adenylate
cyclase (AC) and increasing levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
This cascade stimulates insulin secretion and triggers additional glucoregulatory
effects, including delayed gastric emptying, suppressed glucagon secretion, and
enhanced satiety. Beyond the pancreas, GLP-1 receptors are also present in
various tissues such as the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract,
stomach, skin, reproductive system, and cardiovascular system.
1
GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are commonly prescribed alongside diet
and exercise to enhance blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes. They
are also promoted as a treatment option for individuals who are overweight or
obese. Current clinical guidelines recommend initiating lifestyle changes—such as
healthy eating and regular physical activity—before introducing GLP-1 RAs, which
should be considered when those measures alone do not achieve the desired
treatment goals.
Affiliations
- California Health Sciences University
- California Health Sciences University College of Osteopathic Medicine