
Nanoparticle Delivery Systems for Skin-Localized Chemotherapy in NonMelanoma Skin Cancers
- Misra R. [4] ,
- Fadel L. [3] ,
- Sataray-Rodriguez A. [7] ,
- Frasier K. [5] ,
- Shah B. [1] ,
- Lamb L. [2] and
- Monroe J. [6]
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Description
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), which include basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), are among the most prevalent malignancies worldwide and continue to rise in incidence due to factors such as prolonged sun exposure, environmental conditions, and genetic predispositions. BCC is typically driven by mutations in the Hedgehog signaling pathway, while cSCC is associated with UV-induced mutations in tumor suppressor genes like TP53 and CDKN2A, highlighting their distinct pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical behavior. Although surgical excision remains the primary treatment for localized lesions, it may not be feasible in all cases, especially when tumors are located in cosmetically sensitive areas or have metastasized. In such cases, treatments like radiotherapy, cryotherapy, and topical agents are commonly used, though they come with limitations such as systemic toxicity, disfigurement, and treatment resistance. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of innovative drug delivery systems that offer more precise and localized therapy. These approaches help reduce side effects while improving drug stability and penetration into tumors. Research on formulations like pH-sensitive nanoparticles (NPs), 5-fluorouracil-loaded nanogels, and imiquimod nanoparticles has shown better tumor targeting and fewer side effects, laying the groundwork for their future use in treating NMSCs.
Affiliations
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale, AZ
- California Health Sciences University College of Osteopathic Medicine
- Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, West Des Moines, IA
- Northwell Health Department of Dermatology, New Hyde Park, NY
- Norton College of Medicine Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV