CHSU Discovery

Abstract

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent high blood glucose due to insulin resistance of peripheral tissues and deficiency of pancreatic β-cells.
• In 2025, about 1 in 9 adults were living with diabetes and is expected to grow by 46% by 2050.
• First-line therapies, like metformin or sulfonylureas, often cause side effects like weight gain, gastrointestinal intolerance, and severe hypoglycemia.
• As T2DM progresses, managing it becomes more difficult over time, which requires patients to juggle multiple drug classes.
• This review focuses on the clinical potential of 3 advancements in the field: a fixed-ratio insulin icodec/semaglutide combination drug, retatrutide (a triple receptor agonist), and imeglimin (a first-in-class oral antidiabetic agent).