CHSU Discovery

Abstract

Food insecurity is a social determinant of health comprised of a hierarchy of four domains: availability, access, utilization, and stability. Reliable access to food is particularly limited in rural areas like south-central Pennsylvania and even the Central Valley, which are sometimes referred to as "food deserts." There are various health outcomes associated with food insecurity, and these outcomes vary by age group. Children may experience birth defects, iron-deficiency anemia, asthma, cognitive problems, aggression and anxiety, and depression. Adults may be at risk for diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, mental health problems, and depression. Advanced age can lead to limitations in activities of daily living and depression. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a national, low-income assistance program that provides a monthly stipend for recipients to spend on grocery items.