CHSU Discovery

Abstract 

Introduction and Background: 
This study explores the impact of social identity theory on individuals' views of American symbolism. According to Social Identity Theory, individuals exist on a continuum between social identity, where belonging and conformity to group norms predominate, and personal identity, characterized by individual beliefs and opinions that may diverge from group views (Breakwell, 2014). This continuum influences how individuals perceive symbols associated with their in-groups or personal beliefs, affecting their emotional and cognitive responses to such symbols. There may be utility in exploring the role social identity theory and an individual’s emotional response to symbolism. To assess this relationship, a sample size of 65-75 participants was determined by the A-priori size calculator for multiple regression. The main predictor variable included extent of (in- social identity group identification), while dependent variables comprised emotional responses based on Ekman’s six basic emotions (Ekman, 1992). 

Material and Methods: 
Participants completed demographic questionnaires, the Social and Personal Identities Scale
(SIPI) (Nario-Redmond et al., 2004), responded to Likert scale questions regarding emotional responses to American symbolism, and answered questions about their views on the American flag. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) Individuals strongly endorsing social identity would exhibit stronger emotional responses to in-group-affiliated symbolism, (2) Those individuals strongly identifying with personal identity would have neutral reactions, and (3) Symbols targeting narrow group identities would evoke stronger emotional responses. 

Results and Conclusions: 
Findings partially supported the hypothesis that symbols targeting specific group identities elicit stronger emotional responses. It is suggested that analyzing perceptions of American symbolism can provide insights into societal dynamics surrounding adherence to American ideals.